What is Digital Information Literacy? : What is Digital Literacy?

Introduction: The rapid proliferation and integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) across various domains, such as Education, Business, Health, Agriculture, and beyond, has ushered in a profound societal transformation. In this digital landscape, individuals are confronted with a multitude of digitalized information, leading to a heightened complexity in the information identification and selection process. In response, the cultivation of Information Literacy (IL) has emerged as an imperative in the digital era. With computers now entrenched as indispensable components of contemporary society, proficiency in computer usage has become a pervasive requirement across numerous employment opportunities. The Department of Education, Training, and Employment (2001) underscores the global resonance of information literacy, as evidenced by a proliferation of initiatives worldwide. As the bedrock of lifelong learning and autonomous knowledge acquisition, Information Literacy finds universal applicability across disciplines, learning environments, and educational tiers.

At its core, Information Literacy encapsulates competencies that empower individuals to adeptly seek, locate, harness, and appropriately attribute high-caliber information swiftly and effectively. The information-seeking process embodies individuals’ cognitive voyage to propel and potentially reshape their realm of knowledge. This cognitive endeavor is intrinsically tied to learning, problem-solving, and mastering techniques.

1.1 What is Information Literacy?

Information Literacy is the ability to recognize when information is needed, locate relevant information, evaluate its credibility and quality, effectively and ethically use it, and properly cite and communicate the acquired knowledge. It encompasses skills, competencies, and attitudes that enable individuals to navigate and make sense of the vast information available in various formats, including digital and print.

Association of College and Research Libraries (2000), defines Information Literacy as “a set of abilities requiring individuals to determine the extent of information needed, access the needed information effectively and efficiently; evaluate information and its sources critically, incorporate selected information into one’s knowledge base; use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose; understand economic, legal and social issues, surrounding the use of information ethically and legally”.

In a rapidly evolving digital age, information literacy has become increasingly crucial. With the proliferation of digital technologies and the internet, people are inundated with a wide range of information from various sources, making it essential to possess the skills to assess and use this information critically. Information literacy empowers individuals to become informed and discerning information consumers, enabling them to make well-informed decisions, engage in thoughtful analysis, and contribute meaningfully to their fields of interest.

Key components of information literacy include:

• Identifying Information Needs: Recognizing when information is needed and defining the scope of the required information.
• Accessing Information: Efficiently search for and locate relevant information using various resources, databases, and search engines.
• Evaluating Information: Assessing the credibility, accuracy, and relevance of information sources, considering factors such as authority, bias, and currency.
• Using Information: Applying retrieved information effectively to meet specific goals, whether for academic, professional, or personal purposes.
• Ethical Use and Attribution: Understanding copyright, plagiarism, and intellectual property rights and properly citing sources to avoid plagiarism.
• Critical Thinking: Analyzing and synthesizing information from multiple sources to comprehensively understand a topic.
• Problem-Solving: Using information to solve problems, make decisions, and generate new ideas.
• Communication: Presenting information in a clear, organized, and coherent manner, whether through written, visual, or oral communication.

Information literacy is not limited to any specific domain or field; rather, it is a transdisciplinary skill set applicable across education, work, research, and everyday life. It empowers individuals to confidently navigate the information landscape, equipping them to engage with the world in a meaningful and informed manner.

1.2 What is Digital Information Literacy?

Digital Information Literacy is the ability to effectively and critically navigate, evaluate, and utilize digital information in a technologically-driven world. It encompasses skills and competencies that enable individuals to find, evaluate, use, and ethically create digital information using various digital devices, platforms, and tools. In essence, digital information literacy builds upon the foundational principles of traditional information literacy and adapts them to the digital landscape.

Key components of digital information literacy include:

• Digital Searching and Navigation: Proficiently searched for information online using search engines, databases, and other digital resources and effectively navigated through websites and online platforms.
• Evaluating Digital Sources: Critically assessing the credibility, reliability, and bias of digital sources, such as websites, online articles, and social media content.
• Understanding Digital Formats: Being familiar with different digital formats, such as text, images, videos, and interactive content, and understanding how to interpret and analyze them.
• Digital Privacy and Security: Understanding concepts of online privacy, data protection, and cybersecurity, and taking measures to safeguard personal information when using digital platforms.
• Digital Communication: Effectively communicating and collaborating using digital tools, including email, instant messaging, social media, and video conferencing.
• Digital Creation and Content Generation: Creating and sharing digital content, such as blogs, videos, presentations, and multimedia projects, while adhering to ethical and copyright considerations.
• Critical Thinking in the Digital Sphere: Applying critical thinking skills to digital contexts, including analyzing online information, detecting misinformation or fake news, and making informed decisions.
• Adaptability and Lifelong Learning: Embracing a growth mindset and staying updated with evolving digital technologies, tools, and trends to remain digitally literate in an ever-changing landscape.

Digital information literacy is essential in today’s interconnected and technology-driven world. As more information and communication move into digital formats, individuals need the skills to effectively navigate, evaluate, and contribute to the digital information ecosystem. Digital information literacy empowers individuals to harness the potential of digital resources for learning, communication, research, and problem-solving while being aware of the challenges and ethical considerations associated with the digital realm.

1.3 Definitions of Digital Literacy:

Digital Literacy is using, understanding, evaluating, and creating digital information and technology in various contexts. It encompasses a range of skills, knowledge, and attitudes that enable individuals to engage with digital tools, devices, and platforms effectively. Digital literacy goes beyond basic technical skills and involves critical thinking, problem-solving, and ethical considerations related to digital environments.

Key components of digital literacy include:

• Basic Digital Skills: Proficiency in using digital devices, such as computers, smartphones, and tablets, and understanding fundamental operations like typing, navigating user interfaces, and managing files and folders.
• Information Literacy: The ability to find, evaluate, and use digital information from online sources, distinguishing between credible and unreliable information.
• Communication Skills: Competence in using various digital communication tools, including email, instant messaging, social media, and video conferencing, while understanding proper netiquette and digital etiquette.
• Media Literacy: The capacity to critically analyze and interpret digital media content, such as images, videos, and online articles, considering aspects like bias, manipulation, and authenticity.
• Cybersecurity and Privacy: Awareness of online risks, understanding how to protect personal data, recognizing phishing attempts, and practicing safe online behavior.
• Digital Citizenship: Understanding one’s rights and responsibilities in digital spaces, respecting copyright and intellectual property, and engaging in positive and ethical online interactions.
• Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking: Applying logical thinking and problem-solving skills to digital challenges, such as troubleshooting technical issues and adapting to new digital tools.
• Creativity and Digital Content Creation: Using digital tools to generate and share creative content, including digital art, videos, blogs, and multimedia projects.
• Adaptability and Lifelong Learning: Being open to learning about new digital technologies, platforms, and trends and adapting to ongoing changes in the digital landscape.

According to Glister (1997, p.290), Digital Literacy encompasses “a skill set for accessing the Internet, navigating, managing, and modifying digital information, participating in online communications, and effectively engaging with the realm of online information and communication networks. In broader terms, digital information literacy signifies the adept utilization and critical evaluation of digital resources, tools, and services, and its application throughout one’s lifelong learning journey.” The New Media Consortium (2005, p.2) elaborates that Digital Literacy entails “the capacity to grasp the influence of images and sounds, to harness and wield this influence, to manipulate and reshape digital media, to disseminate them broadly, and to adapt them to novel formats seamlessly.” The cornerstone of digital literacy lies in the ability to exercise informed discernment when encountering online content. Unlike traditional media, a significant portion of digital information remains unfiltered by editorial oversight and is susceptible to contributions from anyone. The absence of stringent control mechanisms over digital resources necessitates the cultivation of digital literacy for accessing reliable information in the online environment. Consequently, digital literacy is paramount for individuals from all walks of life.

Digital literacy is essential in today’s information-driven society, where technology constantly evolves. It empowers individuals to participate actively in the digital world, effectively communicate, access and evaluate information, and make informed decisions in various personal, academic, and professional contexts. Developing digital literacy skills enables individuals to navigate the complexities of the digital age, contributing to their personal growth and success in an increasingly digital and interconnected global community.

1.4 What can digitally literate people do?

In the dynamic landscape of the digital age, a new breed of individuals emerges, poised to navigate the intricate web of technology, information, and connectivity with finesse and confidence. These individuals, known as digital literates, possess a multifaceted skill set that empowers them to harness the potential of the digital realm with dexterity. In an era where digital interactions are woven into everyday life, digitally literate people stand as pioneers, adeptly maneuvering through the vast expanse of online information, effectively communicating across virtual spaces, and critically discerning the nuances of the digital world. Their proficiency extends beyond mere technical competence, encapsulating a profound understanding of digital media, ethical engagement, and the ability to make informed judgments amidst the cacophony of digital voices. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, digitally literate individuals emerge as trailblazers, illuminating the path toward a future where technology and human intellect harmoniously converge.

Digital literate people are adept at:

• Navigating and utilizing the Internet effectively.
• Locating, assessing, and managing digital information.
• Engaging in online communication and networking.
• Skillfully manipulating and transforming digital media.
• Recognizing the power of images and sounds in the digital realm.
• Making informed judgments about online content.
• Safeguarding personal information and practicing online security.
• Adapting to new digital tools and platforms.
• Understanding and respecting copyright and intellectual property.
• Contributing positively to online communities.
• Applying critical thinking to evaluate digital resources.
• Creating and sharing digital content responsibly.
• Problem-solving and troubleshooting technical issues.
• Embracing continuous learning in the ever-evolving digital landscape.

1.5 Digital Literacy Competencies:

In the contemporary landscape dominated by digital technologies and the ever-expanding reach of the internet, digital literacy competencies have emerged as a quintessential skill set for individuals across all walks of life. These competencies encompass diverse abilities, knowledge, and attitudes that empower individuals to navigate the intricate digital ecosystem with finesse and confidence. From effective communication in virtual spaces to discerning credible information from noise, digital literacy competencies equip individuals to thrive in the digital realm and contribute responsibly and ethically to the global digital community.

At the heart of digital literacy competencies lies the prowess to traverse the digital landscape efficiently and effectively. This begins with mastering the art of digital communication, which spans across various platforms such as email, instant messaging, video conferencing, and social media. The ability to convey ideas clearly and respectfully in a digital format is a cornerstone of effective virtual interactions, enabling individuals to connect, collaborate, and share knowledge across geographical boundaries.

A pivotal aspect of digital literacy competencies revolves around the skill of information evaluation. In an era inundated with information from myriad sources, the ability to critically assess digital information’s reliability, credibility, and authenticity is paramount. Those proficient in digital literacy competencies can sift through the vast expanse of online content, distinguishing between credible sources and those that might propagate misinformation. This discerning ability safeguards individuals from falling victim to misinformation and encourages a culture of responsible information-sharing.

Furthermore, digital literacy competencies encompass the realm of digital content creation. Individuals well-versed in these competencies possess the skills to manipulate digital tools and software to craft compelling narratives through text, images, videos, and presentations. This proficiency transcends personal expression, extending to professional endeavors and educational pursuits, where the ability to create engaging digital content enhances communication and learning experiences.

Ethical conduct is a foundational aspect of digital literacy competencies. Understanding digital etiquette, copyright laws, and proper citation practices is essential for maintaining integrity in the digital sphere. Those equipped with these competencies demonstrate respect for intellectual property and contribute to a digital environment built on trust and ethical engagement. A key challenge that digital literacy competencies address is the rapidly evolving nature of technology. Individuals with these competencies are adaptable to change and possess a curiosity-driven approach to learning about new digital tools, platforms, and trends. This adaptability empowers them to stay at the forefront of technological advancements and leverage emerging opportunities.

Digital literacy competencies are more than just technical skills; they encapsulate a holistic approach to engaging with the digital world. From effective communication to critical information evaluation, digital content creation, ethical conduct, and adaptability, these competencies are indispensable in equipping individuals to thrive in the digital era. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, nurturing and refining these competencies becomes pivotal in ensuring that individuals remain confident, responsible, and empowered participants in the digital age.

1.6 Digital Literacy Competencies Required for a Librarian:

In the rapidly evolving landscape of the modern library, where traditional bookshelves intertwine seamlessly with digital resources and virtual connectivity, librarians have embraced an expanded role that demands a robust arsenal of digital literacy competencies. As guardians of knowledge in this digital age, librarians are tasked with curating and organizing vast digital collections and guiding patrons through the intricate maze of online information. To navigate this dynamic terrain successfully, librarians must possess a well-rounded set of digital literacy competencies that enable them to bridge the gap between traditional and digital resources, empower patrons in their information quests, and elevate the library’s relevance in the digital era.

At the core of a librarian’s digital literacy toolkit lies the proficiency to traverse the digital landscape with finesse. This begins with a mastery of advanced search techniques, understanding various online databases, and navigating library catalog systems efficiently. With these skills, librarians can swiftly locate relevant digital resources and assist patrons in their information-seeking endeavors, catering to diverse research needs.

Digital cataloguing and metadata management are paramount in a world where digital assets populate the library’s virtual shelves. Librarians proficient in these competencies meticulously craft accurate metadata, ensuring that digital resources are optimally discoverable. By adhering to metadata standards and embracing efficient cataloging practices, librarians enrich the user experience, enabling patrons to find and access digital content seamlessly.

In an era where information literacy extends into the digital realm, librarians are tasked with equipping patrons with the skills to evaluate digital sources critically, conduct online research, and navigate information landscapes. Thus, the competency to design and deliver effective information literacy workshops and tutorials takes center stage. Librarians proficient in this area empower patrons to navigate the ocean of digital information with discernment, fostering a generation of digitally savvy researchers.

Digital reference services have transcended geographical barriers, and librarians are at the forefront of this shift. Proficiency in providing reference assistance through online platforms such as email and chat is indispensable. Librarians adept in these competencies address patrons’ queries promptly and guide them through the maze of digital resources, helping them locate relevant materials and address technical concerns.

As digital technologies continue to reshape library services, librarians equipped with technology integration competencies can harness the power of emerging tools to enhance user experiences. This includes familiarity with library management systems, content management platforms, and an awareness of the latest digital trends. By integrating technology seamlessly into their practices, librarians elevate the library’s offerings and ensure its continued relevance.

The role of a librarian has transcended the confines of the physical library, expanding into the dynamic realm of digital resources, virtual interactions, and information technology. The digital literacy competencies required for a librarian encompass technical skills and the ability to navigate digital landscapes, empower patrons with information literacy, and leverage technology to enhance library services. By honing these competencies, librarians not only adapt to the changing times but also wield the tools necessary to steer the library toward a digital future that enriches patrons’ lives and redefines the librarian’s role in the digital age.

1.7 Changing Characteristics of Digital Information Literacy:

The landscape of digital information literacy is in constant flux, adapting and evolving alongside the rapid advancements in technology and the changing ways we interact with digital information. Over time, several key characteristics of digital information literacy have shifted, reflecting the dynamic nature of our digital world. Let’s explore some of these changing characteristics:

1. Expanded Definition: Originally focused on basic computer skills and online searching, digital information literacy has broadened its scope. It now encompasses a comprehensive set of competencies, including critical evaluation of online content, ethical use of digital resources, cybersecurity awareness, data literacy, and proficiency in using various digital tools and platforms.
2. Emphasis on Critical Thinking: While early digital information literacy focused on technical skills, today’s emphasis has shifted toward critical thinking and analytical abilities. Individuals are now expected to assess digital sources’ credibility, bias, and reliability, distinguishing between accurate information and misinformation.
3. Adaptation to Changing Technologies: Digital information literacy has become more adaptable as technologies evolve. It’s no longer just about learning specific tools but cultivating a continuous learning mindset to keep up with new platforms, apps, and digital trends.
4. Inclusion of Media Literacy: With the rise of digital media, digital information literacy now includes media literacy skills. People need to analyze and understand visual and multimedia content, recognizing how images and videos can shape our perceptions and impact our understanding of information.
5. Focus on Digital Citizenship: Digital citizenship has gained prominence within digital information literacy. People are encouraged to engage responsibly and ethically in online communities, respect the rights and opinions of others, and contribute positively to digital spaces.
6. Personal Data Awareness: With concerns about data privacy and security, individuals are now expected to have a heightened awareness of how their data is collected, used, and protected online. Digital information literacy now includes knowledge of privacy settings, secure online behaviors, and recognizing potential risks.
7. Global Connectivity: The global nature of the digital world has led to a greater emphasis on cross-cultural awareness and understanding. Digital information literacy encourages individuals to navigate diverse perspectives and engage in respectful cross-cultural communication online.
8. Focus on Lifelong Learning: Digital information literacy is no longer a one-time skill; it’s a lifelong pursuit. The changing digital landscape requires individuals to continuously update their skills and knowledge to remain effective users and contributors in the digital sphere.
9. Integration into Education: Digital information literacy is now a fundamental part of education at all levels. Schools and institutions emphasize developing these skills to prepare students for the digital demands of the workforce and civic life.
10. Emphasis on Digital Well-being: As digital interactions become more prevalent, digital information literacy focuses on digital well-being. This involves managing screen time, practicing mindfulness in digital consumption, and maintaining a healthy balance between online and offline activities.

The characteristics of digital information literacy have shifted from basic technical skills to a multifaceted set of competencies encompassing critical thinking, ethical considerations, and adaptability in the ever-changing digital landscape. As technology continues to shape our lives, digital information literacy remains a dynamic and essential skill set for effectively engaging with the digital world.

1.8 Digital Literacy in Changing Environment:

Digital literacy is a dynamic and evolving concept that must continuously adapt to the changing environment shaped by technological advancements, digital transformation, and shifting societal norms. As our world becomes increasingly digital, digital literacy must expand and transform to encompass broader skills and competencies. Here are some key ways in which digital literacy is responding to the changing environment:

• Multifaceted Skill Set: In a rapidly changing environment, digital literacy is no longer limited to basic computer skills. It now encompasses a multifaceted skill set that includes critical thinking, information evaluation, media literacy, data literacy, cybersecurity awareness, and digital well-being. Individuals must navigate various digital platforms, tools, and media, requiring diverse competencies.
• Adaptation to Emerging Technologies: Digital literacy is closely tied to the technological landscape. As new technologies emerge, digital literacy must evolve to encompass them. For example, skills related to artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and blockchain are becoming increasingly relevant in today’s digital environment.
• Critical Evaluation of Information: With the proliferation of online information, digital literacy emphasizes the ability to evaluate sources and discern reliable information from misinformation critically. This skill is vital for making informed decisions and combating the spreading of fake news.
• Media Literacy and Visual Literacy: The changing environment includes a visual and multimedia content surge. Digital literacy extends to media literacy, enabling individuals to analyze and interpret visual information, understand its impact, and recognize potential biases in images and videos.
• Ethical and Responsible Use: The changing digital landscape has prompted a focus on using technology and digital resources ethically and responsibly. Digital literacy includes understanding issues such as digital rights, intellectual property, online privacy, and the ethical implications of technology.
• Digital Citizenship: As online interactions become integral to daily life, digital literacy encompasses the concept of digital citizenship. This involves teaching individuals how to engage positively, respectfully, and ethically in online communities and navigate the challenges of online behavior.
• Global Connectivity and Cross-Cultural Competence: Digital literacy now extends to understanding and navigating the global nature of the internet. Individuals are encouraged to interact effectively with diverse cultures and perspectives, fostering cross-cultural understanding in digital communication.
• Life-Long Learning and Adaptability: The changing environment requires individuals to adopt a mindset of continuous learning and adaptability. Digital literacy equips individuals with the skills to embrace new technologies and learn to use new tools and platforms as they emerge.
• Digital Health and Well-being: As technology increasingly permeates our lives, digital literacy now encompasses digital health and well-being. Individuals are encouraged to manage their screen time, practice mindfulness in their digital consumption, and balance online and offline activities.

Digital literacy is a dynamic concept that responds to the changing environment of technology, information, and digital interactions. It encompasses a wide range of skills and competencies that empower individuals to navigate the complexities of the digital age, make informed decisions, and engage responsibly and effectively in a rapidly evolving digital world. As the digital environment transforms, digital literacy will remain an essential and evolving skill set for individuals across all aspects of life.

1.9 The Importance of Digital Literacy.

The profound impact of digital technologies has permeated every facet of our daily lives, reshaping the way we communicate, work, and access information. In this digital age, digital literacy has emerged as a critical skill set fundamental to navigating and thriving in the interconnected web of technology. Digital literacy extends beyond the mere ability to use digital devices and software; it encompasses a comprehensive understanding of critically evaluating, creating and communicating information in the digital realm. As we witness an unprecedented surge in the volume and accessibility of online content, the importance of digital literacy becomes increasingly evident. Individuals armed with digital literacy skills can sift through vast troves of information, discerning fact from fiction and making informed decisions. Moreover, digital literacy empowers individuals to participate meaningfully in an interconnected global society, fostering civic engagement, social awareness, and responsible digital citizenship. In the educational sphere, digital literacy is not merely an ancillary skill but a prerequisite for academic success, as it equips students with the tools necessary to conduct research, collaborate on projects, and prepare for a future workforce dominated by technology. As we stand at the crossroads of technological advancement, the cultivation of digital literacy emerges as a pivotal task, equipping individuals with the proficiency needed to navigate the complexities of the digital landscape and ensuring that no one is left behind in the fast-paced march of progress.

Digital literacy is not merely a technical skill; it is a dynamic and evolving competency that empowers individuals to navigate the complexities of the digital landscape with confidence and discernment. From personal empowerment to professional success and civic engagement, the importance of digital literacy spans various facets of modern life.

• Understanding Digital Literacy: Digital literacy extends far beyond the ability to operate a computer or use software; it encompasses a range of skills critical for thriving in the digital age. At its core, digital literacy involves accessing, evaluating, and utilizing information effectively and responsibly in the digital realm. This includes evaluating the credibility of online sources, understanding digital security and privacy, and effectively communicating ideas through digital platforms.
• Personal Empowerment: In an era where information is at our fingertips, digital literacy is a tool for personal empowerment. Digitally literate individuals can critically assess the vast sea of online information, discerning reliable sources from misinformation. This skill set enriches personal knowledge and cultivates a sense of digital autonomy, allowing individuals to make informed decisions about their online presence, digital identity, and online activities.
• Educational Excellence: In the educational sphere, digital literacy is no longer an ancillary skill but a fundamental requirement. Students must be equipped with the skills to conduct online research, collaborate on digital platforms, and navigate many digital tools. Integrating digital literacy into education prepares students for the challenges of the future workforce, where technology proficiency is a crucial determinant of success.
• Professional Adaptability: As industries undergo digital transformations, the workplace evolves rapidly. Digitally literate professionals are adept at using the latest digital tools and possess the agility to adapt to new technologies seamlessly. Digital literacy is a cornerstone of professional adaptability, ensuring individuals can navigate the digital landscape, contribute to innovation, and remain competitive in a technology-driven economy.
• Civic Engagement and Informed Citizenship: In civic participation, digital literacy is essential for fostering an informed and engaged citizenry. The ability to critically evaluate information, participate in online discussions, and discern the nuances of digital communication is vital for effective democratic participation. Digital literacy enables individuals to contribute meaningfully to public discourse, understand the implications of digital policies, and advocate for informed decision-making.

In conclusion, the importance of digital literacy cannot be overstated in our technology-driven world. It is a multifaceted skill set that goes beyond the technical realm, influencing personal growth, educational excellence, professional success, and civic engagement. As we navigate the digital era, promoting and cultivating digital literacy is not just an option but a societal imperative. It is the key to unlocking the full potential of the digital age while ensuring that individuals are equipped to face its challenges with resilience and competence.

Reference Article:

1. Pujari, R. L. (2018). Digital Information Literacy A Study of North Karnataka Degree College Faculty Members. Retrieved From:http://hdl.handle.net/10603/221515