Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC)

The Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) is a sophisticated computerized system that has revolutionized how library users access and interact with library resources. OPACs are powerful gateways to vast collections of books, journals, audiovisual materials, and other valuable resources. With user-friendly interfaces and advanced search functionalities, OPACs have become indispensable tools for patrons and librarians. These online catalogues allow users to search for specific items or explore broader subject areas, providing detailed bibliographic records and essential information about each resource. Additionally, OPACs often offer a range of features, such as placing holds, renewing borrowed materials, and accessing personal library accounts. As technology advances, OPACs continue to evolve, embracing web-based and mobile applications that provide convenient access to library collections anytime, anywhere. The advent of OPACs has significantly enhanced the efficiency, convenience, and accessibility of library resources, empowering users to explore and utilize these valuable repositories of knowledge with unprecedented ease.

1.1 What is Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC)?

The Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) is a computerized system used by libraries to provide users with access to their collections of resources. It serves as an online catalog or database that allows library patrons to search for and locate books, journals, multimedia materials, and other items available in the library’s holdings. OPACs are designed to offer a user-friendly interface and search functionalities that enable users to locate specific items or explore broader subject areas. Through OPACs, users can retrieve detailed bibliographic records for each item, typically including the title, author, publication date, subject headings, and call number. Additionally, OPACs often provide availability status, indicating whether an item is currently on the shelf, on loan, or reserved. Users can also perform various tasks through the OPAC, such as placing holds or requests, renewing borrowed materials, and accessing their library accounts to manage loans and fines. OPACs have greatly improved the accessibility and efficiency of library resources, empowering users to navigate and utilize library collections effectively.

Definitions of OPAC¹:

The Hildreth (1985) defines Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) as follows: “It is time to start thinking of the online public access catalogue as an intelligent gateway to diverse, integrated information specialist and the library patron or and user; a gateway accessible not only in libraries but at places of work. Study; leisure, and the home. Perhaps someday the online catalogue will just be called ‘my online library”.

The ALA GLOSSARY defines Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) as follows: “A computer-based and supported library catalogue (bibliographic database) designed to be accessed via terminal so that library users may directly effectively search for retrieve bibliographic records without the assistance of a human intermediary such as a specially trained member of the library staff’.

Simon Smith defines as: “An OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue) is an online bibliography of a library collection that is available to the public. OPAC developed as stand-alone catalogues often form VT100 terminals to main-frame. Library catalogue with arrival of the interest most libraries have made their OPAC accessible from a server to users all over the world”.

According to Harold Glossary defines as: “The catalogue of a library or information centre made available to users online and generally providing a varied of additional facilities such a loan information, online reservations and library news with the demise of the card catalogue the need for stressing the ‘online public access’ part has disappeared and they are new frequently just catalogues”.

Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science (ODLIS) defines as: “An acronym for online public access catalogue a database composed of bibliographic records describing the books and other material owned by a library or library system, accessible via public terminals or workstations usually concentrated near the reference desk to make it easy for user to request the assistance of a trained reference librarian. Most online catalogs are searchable by author, title subject and keywords and allow users to print, download or export records to an e-mail account”.

SIRSI GLOSSARY of terms defines OPAC as: “A computer workstation used to search a library’s catalogue can refer to either the actual workstation in the library, or to the interface provided by the library that is accessible from anywhere”.

1.2 Features of Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC).

The advent of technology has transformed the way libraries operate, making information more accessible than ever before. One key innovation that has revolutionized library services is the Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC). OPACs are dynamic online platforms that allow users to search, access, and interact with library resources efficiently. Online Public Access Catalogues (OPACs) offer a range of features that enhance the accessibility and functionality of library resources. Here are some key features commonly found in OPAC systems:

1. Comprehensive Search Capabilities: OPACs provide users with powerful search functionalities to navigate through extensive collections effortlessly. Users can search for resources by entering keywords, titles, authors, subject headings, or a combination of these criteria. The search results yield detailed bibliographic records, enabling users to evaluate the relevance and availability of the resources quickly.
2. Advanced Filtering and Sorting: OPACs offer advanced filtering options to refine search results. Users can narrow their searches based on various parameters, such as format (books, journals, DVDs, etc.), language, publication date, or availability status. This feature assists users in pinpointing the specific resources they require.
3. Availability and Location Information: OPACs provide real-time information about the library’s availability and location of resources. Users can instantly determine whether an item is currently available, on loan, or reserved. Furthermore, OPACs often include information about the shelf location or call number, guiding users to the physical placement of the desired resource.
4. Request and Hold Management: OPACs empower users to manage their borrowing activities efficiently. Users can place requests for items that are currently checked out, and once the requested item becomes available, they are notified for pick-up. Additionally, users can place holds on resources they wish to borrow in the future, ensuring they have priority access to high-demand materials.
5. Account Management: OPACs offer personalized account management features that enable users to access and monitor their library accounts. Users can view their borrowing history, check due dates, renew materials online, and track any outstanding fines. This self-service functionality saves time and gives users greater control over their library transactions.
6. Integration with Digital Resources: As libraries increasingly embrace digital content, OPACs often integrate with electronic resources such as e-books, e-journals, and online databases. Users can seamlessly access these digital materials directly from the OPAC interface, expanding their research and reading options beyond the physical collection.
7. Personalized Recommendations: Some OPACs employ recommendation algorithms based on user preferences, borrowing history, or popular trends. These personalized recommendations suggest related resources, helping users discover new materials aligned with their interests or research topics.

Online Public Access Catalogues (OPACs) have transformed how users interact with library resources. Through comprehensive search capabilities, advanced filtering, and personalized account management, OPACs provide an efficient and user-friendly platform for accessing and exploring library collections. With features like availability information, request management, and integration with digital resources, OPACs empower library patrons to make informed decisions and access materials seamlessly. As libraries adapt to the digital age, OPACs will undoubtedly evolve to offer even more innovative features, further enhancing the user experience and expanding access to knowledge.

1.3 Searching Feature of OPAC:

The searching feature of an Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) offers two main types of search options:

i. Simple Search, and
ii. Complex Search.

i) Simple Search: The simple search functionality in an OPAC allows users to conduct straightforward searches based on specific elements such as author, title, class number, or keywords. Here’s an explanation of how each element works within the simple search:

• Author: If the user knows the author’s name, they can enter the author’s last or complete name in the search bar. The system will then retrieve items written by that particular author.
• Title: Users can search for documents by typing keywords from the title. It is common to omit initial articles (e.g., “The,” “A,” “An”) when searching by title. The OPAC system may also offer suggestions as users type, alphabetically providing a list of titles.
• Class Number: When users possess knowledge of the class number assigned to a specific subject, they can search based on the class number. This type of search is useful for conducting an exhaustive search within a particular subject area.
• Keyword: Many modern OPAC systems incorporate a keyword search option, which provides more flexibility in accessing bibliographic records. Users can enter a single word related to the author’s name, title, subject, abstract/content, or other database details. Keyword searching allows users to create simple searches using a single term and can be combined with other search elements for more precise results.

ii) Complex Search: The complex search option in an OPAC involves using Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) to refine search queries and retrieve more specific results. Here’s an explanation of how each operator functions within a complex search:

• AND Logic: When two terms are connected using the logical operator AND in a search strategy, the system will retrieve items that contain both terms in the title or abstract. This narrows the search results, increasing specificity and ensuring that only relevant documents are listed.
• OR Logic: The OR operator allows users to search for documents using alternate terms. If two terms are connected using OR logic in a search strategy, the system will retrieve items containing either terms in the title or abstract/content. This expands the search results, providing more options for users.
• NOT Logic: The NOT operator excludes particular terms from search results. When the NOT operator is used in a search strategy, the system will exclude documents that contain the specified term. This helps users refine their search by eliminating irrelevant materials.

Users can combine multiple search terms and operators by utilizing complex search options to create more sophisticated and precise searches. These operators provide a way to refine and filter search results, allowing users to retrieve the most relevant documents based on their information needs.

1.4 Advantages or Benefits of Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC):

Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) systems offer several advantages and benefits to library users and staff. Let’s explore some of the key advantages of utilizing an OPAC:

1. Accessibility to Library Resources: One of the primary advantages of an OPAC is its seamless access to a vast range of library resources. Users can search for books, journals, multimedia materials, and even digital resources from any location with internet connectivity. This accessibility breaks down geographical barriers and allows users to explore the library’s collection without physical constraints.
2. Convenient Search Functionality: OPACs offer powerful search capabilities, making it easier for users to find specific resources. Users can quickly locate the materials they need with options for keyword searching, title searches, author searches, and more. Advanced search features, including Boolean operators and filtering options, enable users to refine their searches and retrieve precise results.
3. Availability and Resource Status: OPACs provide real-time information on the availability and status of library resources. Users can instantly check whether a particular item is on the shelves, on loan, or reserved. This feature saves time and prevents unnecessary visits to the library, ensuring users have accurate information on resource availability before planning their library visits.
4. Extended Access to Digital Resources: Many libraries now integrate digital resources, such as e-books, e-journals, and online databases, into their OPAC systems. This integration allows users to search and access physical and digital resources from a single platform. Users can seamlessly navigate between physical and digital collections, expanding their access to a broader range of information.
5. Enhanced User Experience: OPACs significantly enhance the overall user experience by providing a user-friendly interface and intuitive navigation. Users can explore the library’s collection, view detailed information about resources, and access related materials or recommendations. Additionally, OPACs often offer features like personalized accounts, bookmarking, and the ability to create reading lists, further customizing the user experience.
6. Requesting and Reserving Materials: OPACs enable users to request or reserve materials directly from the catalog interface. If a desired item is currently checked out, users can place a hold or request it, ensuring they will be notified when it becomes available. This feature streamlines the borrowing process and enhances user satisfaction by providing a convenient way to access popular or high-demand resources.
7. Bibliographic Information and Citations: OPACs provide comprehensive bibliographic information for each resource, including authors, publication dates, subject headings, and more. This information is invaluable for researchers and students who need accurate citations for their work. Users can easily retrieve necessary details from the catalog, saving time and ensuring accurate citations.
8. Time and Cost Efficiency: Utilizing an OPAC reduces the time and effort required to locate and access library resources. Users can conduct searches from the comfort of their homes or offices, eliminating the need to browse shelves physically. This efficiency saves both time and transportation costs, especially for users with limited library access or reside in remote areas.
9. Integration of Physical and Digital Resources: Many OPACs integrate physical and digital resources into a single interface. Users can seamlessly navigate between physical items, such as books and DVDs, and digital resources, such as e-books and online databases. This integration expands the range of materials accessible to users and allows for a comprehensive exploration of the library’s collection.
10. Personalization and Account Management: OPACs often provide personalized features, such as user accounts, where users can create profiles, save searches, manage borrowing history, and create reading lists. These personalized accounts enhance the user experience by offering customized recommendations and a tailored interface, facilitating a more engaging and interactive library experience.

OPACs offer numerous advantages, including improved accessibility, advanced search capabilities, real-time availability information, integration of physical and digital resources, personalization features, streamlined request and reservation processes, comprehensive bibliographic information, and cost and time savings. These benefits contribute to a more efficient, convenient, and user-friendly library experience, making OPACs a valuable tool for library users and staff.

Reference Articles:

1. Sadaf, Faria (2009) Application and Utility of OPAC in Maulana Azad Library, A.M.U., Aligarh. (PhD thesis). Retrieved from: http://ir.amu.ac.in/id/eprint/3218
2. Kaliyaperumal, K. (1998). A study of users attitude towards online public access catalogue. Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/10603/78128